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Abstract
Floods may bring in both negative and positive impacts to society, the positive impacts, for example, in Nile river delta. In the Surakarta City, the floods bring largely negative effects, sometime loss of life. Urban floods of Surakarta City are so far caused by two generic proceedings of exceedance of river capacity and lacks of urban drainage. It has been exacerbated by the incompatibility of communities’ activities with respect to flood. Inadequate flood prevention facilities have also been the trigger to urban flood in the city. The climate change may be one of the causes as well. However, we have no data to measure the contribution of this global phenomenon on the local urban flood. This study investigates the depth and duration of the inundated urban lands due to floods of the prominent tributaries of Bengawan Solo River in Surakarta City, since these variables determine the extent of the impacts and losses. These two variables were determined from the running of HEC-RAS river analysis program, with the inputs of hydrographs for particular flood return period along with geographical data of the city. The results show that inundation depth could reach a height of up to 4.0 m, varying with the duration.
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References
- Aji, D.A.S., Hadiani, R., Suryandari, E.S. (2019). Analisis Banjir Dengan Standard Step Method Dan Pemetaan Banjir Di Kelurahan Joyotakan, Surakarta (The flood analysis by using standard step method and flood mapping at Joyotakan, Surakarta). Matriks Teknik Sipil, Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
- Birkholz, S., Muro, M., Jeffrey, P., & Smith, H. M. (2014). Rethinking the relationship between flood risk perception and flood management. Science of the Total Environment, 478, 12-20.
- Bronstert, A. (2003). Floods and climate change: interactions and impacts. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 23(3), 545-557.
- Buana, M.Z.R., Hadiani, R.R.R., Suryandari, E.S. (2018). Analisis Banjir dengan Metode Muskingum Cunge dan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kelurahan Banyuanyar, Surakarta (The flood analysis by using Muskingum-Cunge method, and GIS at Banyuanyar, Surakarta). Matriks Teknik Sipil. Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
- Cuny, F. C. (1991). Living with floods: alternatives for riverine flood mitigation. Land use policy, 8(4), 331-342.
- Faisal, I. M., Kabir, M. R., & Nishat, A. (1999). Non-structural flood mitigation measures for Dhaka City. Urban water, 1(2), 145-153.
- Heidari, A. (2009). Structural master plan of flood mitigation measures. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(1), 61-75.
- Pratama, H.B., Hadiani, R.R, (2019). Analisis Banjir Tahunan Kota Surakarta dengan menggunakan Watershed Modelling System. (Analysis of annual flood of Surakarta City by using Watershed Modelling System). Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
- Ishadi, K.N., Hadiani, R., Suryandari, E.S. (2018). Penelusuran Banjir berdasarkan Analisis Metode Kinematik Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kelurahan Sangkrah Surakarta (Flood routing by using GIS-based kinematic method), Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
- Kourgialas, N. N., & Karatzas, G. P. (2011). Flood management and a GIS modelling method to assess flood-hazard areas—a case study. Hydrological Sciences Journal–Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques, 56(2), 212-225.
- Lane, S. N. (2017). Natural flood management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 4(3), e1211.
- Permana, A. S. (2022). Transfer Functions of Monetizing the Intangible Benefits of Flood Control Works: Innovative Engineering and Sustainability Journal, 1(1), 28–37. Retrieved from https://iesj.ft.uns.ac.id/index.php/iesj/article/view/5
- Poff, N. L. (2002). Ecological response to and management of increased flooding caused by climate change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 360(1796), 1497-1510.
- Pudar, R., Plavšić, J., & Todorović, A. (2020). Evaluation of green and grey flood mitigation measures in rural watersheds. Applied Sciences, 10(19), 6913.
- Recanatesi, F., Petroselli, A., Ripa, M.N., Leone, A. (2017). Assessment of stormwater runoff management practices and BMPs under soil sealing: a study case in a peri-urban watershed of the metropolitan area of Rome (Italy). Journal of environmental Management, 201: 6-18
- Sampson, C.C., Smith, A.M., Bates, P.D. (2015). A high‐resolution global flood hazard model. Water Resources Research, American Geophysical Union.
- Sato, T. (2006). Fundamental characteristics of flood risk in Japan’s urban areas. A better integrated management of disaster risks: Toward resilient society to emerging disaster risks in mega-cities, Tokyo: TERRAPUB and NIED, 23-40.
- Seifert, I., Botzen, W. W., Kreibich, H., & Aerts, J. C. (2013). Influence of flood risk characteristics on flood insurance demand: a comparison between Germany and the Netherlands. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13(7), 1691-1705.
- Sholi, I.N., Hadiani, R., Suryandari, S. (2020). Analisis Kapasitas Drainase sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Banjir di Kelurahan Sangkrah, Surakarta (Analysis of urban drainage capacity as a flood control effort, at Sangkrah Surakarta). Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
- Utomo, E.S. (2018). Analisis Banjir Dan Pemetaan Kawasan Terdampak Banjir Di Kelurahan Laweyan, Kota Surakarta (Flood Analysis and Mapping of Flood Affected Areas in Laweyan, Surakarta). Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
References
Aji, D.A.S., Hadiani, R., Suryandari, E.S. (2019). Analisis Banjir Dengan Standard Step Method Dan Pemetaan Banjir Di Kelurahan Joyotakan, Surakarta (The flood analysis by using standard step method and flood mapping at Joyotakan, Surakarta). Matriks Teknik Sipil, Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
Birkholz, S., Muro, M., Jeffrey, P., & Smith, H. M. (2014). Rethinking the relationship between flood risk perception and flood management. Science of the Total Environment, 478, 12-20.
Bronstert, A. (2003). Floods and climate change: interactions and impacts. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 23(3), 545-557.
Buana, M.Z.R., Hadiani, R.R.R., Suryandari, E.S. (2018). Analisis Banjir dengan Metode Muskingum Cunge dan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kelurahan Banyuanyar, Surakarta (The flood analysis by using Muskingum-Cunge method, and GIS at Banyuanyar, Surakarta). Matriks Teknik Sipil. Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
Cuny, F. C. (1991). Living with floods: alternatives for riverine flood mitigation. Land use policy, 8(4), 331-342.
Faisal, I. M., Kabir, M. R., & Nishat, A. (1999). Non-structural flood mitigation measures for Dhaka City. Urban water, 1(2), 145-153.
Heidari, A. (2009). Structural master plan of flood mitigation measures. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(1), 61-75.
Pratama, H.B., Hadiani, R.R, (2019). Analisis Banjir Tahunan Kota Surakarta dengan menggunakan Watershed Modelling System. (Analysis of annual flood of Surakarta City by using Watershed Modelling System). Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
Ishadi, K.N., Hadiani, R., Suryandari, E.S. (2018). Penelusuran Banjir berdasarkan Analisis Metode Kinematik Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kelurahan Sangkrah Surakarta (Flood routing by using GIS-based kinematic method), Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
Kourgialas, N. N., & Karatzas, G. P. (2011). Flood management and a GIS modelling method to assess flood-hazard areas—a case study. Hydrological Sciences Journal–Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques, 56(2), 212-225.
Lane, S. N. (2017). Natural flood management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 4(3), e1211.
Permana, A. S. (2022). Transfer Functions of Monetizing the Intangible Benefits of Flood Control Works: Innovative Engineering and Sustainability Journal, 1(1), 28–37. Retrieved from https://iesj.ft.uns.ac.id/index.php/iesj/article/view/5
Poff, N. L. (2002). Ecological response to and management of increased flooding caused by climate change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 360(1796), 1497-1510.
Pudar, R., Plavšić, J., & Todorović, A. (2020). Evaluation of green and grey flood mitigation measures in rural watersheds. Applied Sciences, 10(19), 6913.
Recanatesi, F., Petroselli, A., Ripa, M.N., Leone, A. (2017). Assessment of stormwater runoff management practices and BMPs under soil sealing: a study case in a peri-urban watershed of the metropolitan area of Rome (Italy). Journal of environmental Management, 201: 6-18
Sampson, C.C., Smith, A.M., Bates, P.D. (2015). A high‐resolution global flood hazard model. Water Resources Research, American Geophysical Union.
Sato, T. (2006). Fundamental characteristics of flood risk in Japan’s urban areas. A better integrated management of disaster risks: Toward resilient society to emerging disaster risks in mega-cities, Tokyo: TERRAPUB and NIED, 23-40.
Seifert, I., Botzen, W. W., Kreibich, H., & Aerts, J. C. (2013). Influence of flood risk characteristics on flood insurance demand: a comparison between Germany and the Netherlands. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13(7), 1691-1705.
Sholi, I.N., Hadiani, R., Suryandari, S. (2020). Analisis Kapasitas Drainase sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Banjir di Kelurahan Sangkrah, Surakarta (Analysis of urban drainage capacity as a flood control effort, at Sangkrah Surakarta). Faculty of Engineering, UNS.
Utomo, E.S. (2018). Analisis Banjir Dan Pemetaan Kawasan Terdampak Banjir Di Kelurahan Laweyan, Kota Surakarta (Flood Analysis and Mapping of Flood Affected Areas in Laweyan, Surakarta). Faculty of Engineering, UNS.